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The white-fringed antwren (''Formicivora grisea'') is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is a resident breeder in tropical South America from Colombia southeast to the Guianas and Brazil, and on Tobago. The white-fringed antwren is typically 12.7 cm long, and weighs 9.4 g. The male has a grey-brown crown and upperparts, and black wings, tail, lower face and underparts. There are two conspicuous white wing bars and a white stripe running from above the eye down the sides of the breast and flanks. The tail feathers are tipped with white. The female's upperparts are much like the male, but females of the southern populations are orange below and have an orange supercilium. These occur south and east from southeastern Colombia and southernmost Venezuela. Northern population's females have underparts which are buff with dark streaks. The Tobagonian subspecies ''F. g. tobagensis'' is larger than mainland birds. It has a ''tu'' whistle followed by a trilled ''churet'', and a repeated and accelerating ''tu-ik'' call. Southern birds also have a repetitive ''chump-chump-chump'' song, quite unlike northern races which are sometimes separated as northern white-fringed antwren (''Formicivora intermedia''). ''F. grisea'' proper would then become the southern white-fringed antwren. This is a common and confiding bird of second growth woodland, usually found as territorial pairs. The southern populations are associated with scrubby bushes on white sandy soils and restinga habitat. These birds inhabit the lowlands, up to around 200 m ASL. In some places, they are sympatric with the rusty-backed antwren (''F. rufa''). The white-fringed antwren feeds on small insects and other arthropods taken from undergrowth twigs and foliage.〔Venturini & de Paz (2005)〕 The female lays two purple-marked creamy white eggs, which are incubated by both sexes, in a grass hammock nest low in a tree or shrub. Nests are occasionally plundered by predators, for example smallish mammals like the common marmoset (''Callithrix jacchus''), despite the birds' attempts to defend their offspring.〔de Lyra-Neves et al. (2007)〕 Of a total of 13 birds studied in Colombia—in the Parque Nacional de La Macarena and near Turbo—only one was infected with blood parasites (an undetermined ''Plasmodium'' species).〔Basto et al. (2006), Londono et al. (2007)〕 This bird is not considered globally threatened by the IUCN.〔〔BLI (2008)〕 However, its resilience to human alteration of habitat is not too pronounced, and in some regions its continuing presence would seem to depend on protection of habitat.〔 ==Footnotes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White-fringed antwren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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